South Africa has a wide range of industries supporting the economy. Many of these industries either rely on fossil fuels or generate emissions from fossil fuels used in the processes. These emissions and air pollutants are a cause of concern to regional health and to the greater contribution of climate change.  The South African government, in a bid to control and mitigate the possible impact, gazetted the National Environmental Management: Air Quality Act 39 of 2004. The act makes provision for the regulation of specific industrial activity which may lead to the generation of atmospheric emissions and lays the groundwork in which manner such an activity may be undertaken.